Tuesday, June 23, 2026Vol. XII · No. 47

The Debt Dispatch

Reporting · Analysis · Tools for the Indebted American

Primer · Personal Loans

Personal Loans: The Tool That Quietly Replaced the Credit Card

Fixed-rate, fixed-term, unsecured installment loans now finance everything from medical bills to weddings. The economics are clearer than revolving credit — if you read the terms.

A personal loan is a lump sum of cash borrowed at a fixed rate, repaid in equal monthly installments over a fixed term. Unlike credit cards, the payment doesn't shrink as you pay down the balance, and there is no revolving line to draw against again.

What you can expect by credit tier

FICO rangeTierTypical APRTypical max
760+Excellent7.5% – 11%$100,000
720–759Very good9% – 14%$75,000
680–719Good13% – 19%$50,000
640–679Fair18% – 27%$35,000
580–639Below average25% – 36%$20,000
Below 580Subprime30% – 36% (or denied)$10,000

Where to shop, in order

  1. Your existing credit union. Member rates frequently undercut the broader market by 200–400 basis points.
  2. Local community banks. Slower but more flexible underwriting for borderline credit files.
  3. Online prime lenders (e.g. SoFi, LightStream, Marcus) for excellent and very good credit.
  4. Fintech marketplaces (e.g. LendingTree, Upgrade, Prosper) for soft-pull rate comparison.

Fine print that traps borrowers

  • Origination fees of 1%–10% are deducted from the disbursed amount but you still owe the full face. Compare APR, not nominal rate.
  • Prepayment penalties exist at some subprime lenders. Reputable lenders charge none.
  • Optional credit insurance bundled into the payment quietly inflates the cost; decline it.
  • Autopay discounts of 0.25–0.50% are standard at prime lenders; enable them.

When a personal loan is the right move

  • Consolidating high-APR revolving balances at a meaningfully lower rate.
  • One-time large expense (medical, home repair) with a clear repayment runway.
  • Replacing payday or title loans, where APRs frequently exceed 200%.